GABA

What GABA does in your brain

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is your brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. While other neurotransmitters excite and activate neurons, GABA inhibits them—creating a calming effect that reduces neuronal excitability throughout the central nervous system ^[1]. Think of your brain as having an accelerator and a brake. Glutamate is the accelerator, keeping you alert and focused. GABA is the brake, preventing overstimulation.

GABA and anxiety regulation

Many anti-anxiety medications work by enhancing GABA signaling at GABA-A and GABA-B receptors. Research shows that drugs like benzodiazepines bind to these receptors and amplify their calming effects, which explains their effectiveness for acute anxiety ^[2]. However, these medications carry significant risks of dependence and side effects. Low GABA levels have been consistently associated with anxiety disorders, insomnia, and chronic stress conditions.

Sleep and the GABAergic system

GABA plays a central role in sleep onset and maintenance through its action on GABA-A receptors. As evening approaches, GABA activity naturally increases, helping initiate and maintain NREM sleep stages ^[2]. People with insomnia often show reduced GABA levels in brain imaging studies. The GABAergic system includes interneurons throughout the cortex, limbic system, and brainstem that regulate arousal and sleep-wake cycles.

Natural ways to support GABA function

Rather than relying on GABA supplements—which face limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier—research supports lifestyle interventions. Regular aerobic exercise increases GABA concentrations in the brain ^[3]. Meditation and mindfulness practices activate GABA circuits. Magnesium intake supports GABA receptor sensitivity, while vitamin B6 serves as a cofactor for the enzyme that converts glutamate to GABA. Consistent sleep schedules help maintain healthy GABAergic rhythms.